Toleration and other essays by Voltaire (1694-1778)

“Toleration and Other Essays” is a collection of writings by the French Enlightenment philosopher and writer, Voltaire. The book was first published in 1763 and is considered one of Voltaire’s most influential works, with a lasting impact on the development of political thought and social philosophy.

The book consists of a series of essays on a variety of topics, including religious tolerance, the nature of government, the importance of freedom of thought and expression, and the dangers of superstition and dogmatism. Voltaire’s writing is characterized by his wit, his erudition, and his commitment to the principles of reason, liberty, and justice.

One of the central themes of the book is the importance of religious toleration. Voltaire was a champion of religious freedom and argued passionately against the persecution of religious minorities. He believed that it was the duty of governments to protect the rights of all citizens, regardless of their religious beliefs, and he denounced the use of force and violence to enforce religious conformity.

Another important theme of the book is the nature of government and the role of the state in society. Voltaire argued that governments should be based on the principles of reason and justice, and that they should be accountable to the people they govern. He criticized the absolutist monarchies of his time and called for greater democracy and popular participation in government.

Voltaire’s writing is also marked by his deep skepticism of religious dogma and superstition. He was critical of organized religion, which he saw as a source of intolerance and oppression. He believed that people should be free to think and express themselves as they saw fit, and that reason and evidence should be the ultimate arbiters of truth.

Overall, “Toleration and Other Essays” is a powerful and influential work of political and social philosophy. Voltaire’s writing is characterized by his passion for justice and liberty, his commitment to reason and evidence, and his deep concern for the well-being of humanity. The book continues to be read and studied today, as a testament to the enduring power of Enlightenment ideals and the importance of intellectual and moral courage in the face of oppression and intolerance.